Why Has Artificial Intelligence Failed? and How Can it Succeed?

Authors

  • John F. Sowa VivoMind Research

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-18-3-2042

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, natural language processing, machine translation, Turing test

Abstract

Abstract. In the 1960s, pioneers in artificial intelligence made grand claims that AI systems would surpass human intelligence before the end of the 20th century. Except for beating the world chess champion in 1997, none of the other predictions have come true. But AI research has contributed a huge amount of valuable technology, which has proved to be successful on narrow, specialized problems. Unfortunately, the field of AI has fragmented into those narrow specialties. Many researchers claim that their specialty is the key to solving all the problems. But the true key to AI is the knowledge that there is no key. Human intelligence comprises every specialty that anyone in any culture or civilization has ever dreamed of. Each one is adequate for a narrow range of applications. The power of human intelligence comes from the ability to relate, combine, and build on an open-ended variety of methods for different applications. Successful AI systems require a framework that can support any and all such combinations.

Author Biography

John F. Sowa, VivoMind Research

John F. Sowa spent thirty years working on research and development projects at IBM and is a cofounder of VivoMind Research, LLC. He has a BS in mathematics from MIT, an MA in applied mathematics from Harvard, and a PhD in computer science from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. With his colleagues at VivoMind, he has been developing novel methods for using logic and ontology in systems for reasoning and language understanding. He is a fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence. The language of conceptual graphs, which he designed, has been adopted as one of the three principal dialects of the ISO/IEC standard for Common Logic.

Downloads

Published

2014-09-29

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 3 (2014): 18(3) 2014 Thematic issue: Computational linguistics (Guest editor: Alexander Gelbukh)

Section

Articles

License 

Hereby I transfer exclusively to the Journal "Computación y 
Sistemas", published by the Computing Research Center (CIC-IPN),
the Copyright of the aforementioned paper. I also accept that these 
rights will not be transferred to any other publication, in any other 
format, language or other existing means of developing.
I certify that the paper has not been previously disclosed or simultaneo
usly submitted to any other publication, and that it does not contain 
material whose publication would violate the Copyright or other 
proprietary rights of any person, company or institution. I certify that 
I have the permission from the institution or company where I work or 
study to publish this work.
The representative author accepts the responsibility for the publication
of this paper on behalf of each and every one of the authors. 
This transfer is subject to the following conditions:
  • The authors retain all ownership rights (such as patent rights) of this work, except for the publishing rights transferred to the CIC, through this document.
  • Authors retain the right to publish the work in whole or in part in any book they are the authors or publishers. They can also make use of this work in conferences, courses, personal web pages, and so on.
  • Authors may include working as part of his thesis, for non-profit distribution only.